20th century
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Büsser Henri
Aitken, Robert
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Amram, David
Andriessen, Jurriaan
Arnold, Malcolm
Arrieu, Claude
Auric, Georges
Babbit, Milton
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Prelude and Scherzo for Flute and piano, Op. 35
Prelude and Scherzo for Flute and piano, Op. 35
Henri Büsser: Prelude and Scherzo for Flute and Piano, Op. 35 was written as the morceau de concours (mandatory competition piece) for the final examinations of the flute class at the Paris Conservatoire in 1908 and dedicated to Paul Taffanel, a professor at the Paris Conservatoire, and the "father" of the modern French Flute School.
Büsser was a rising star in the French academic circle, having won the Prix de Rome in 1893. By 1908, he was a key figure at the Paris Opéra and the Opéra-Comique. The year 1908 was particularly significant as it was the final year of Paul Taffanel’s life (he died in November 1908). Büsser's dedication was a final tribute to his esteemed colleague’s immense influence on woodwind pedagogy.
During this period, Büsser was famously close to Claude Debussy. Having conducted numerous early performances of Pelléas et Mélisande (starting in 1902), Büsser was one of the few conductors Debussy trusted, eventually leading to Büsser’s celebrated orchestration of Debussy’s Petite Suite.
In 1908, Büsser was firmly rooted in the 19th-century French Romantic tradition of his mentors Gounod and Massenet. While modernism was stirring in the works of Debussy and Ravel, Büsser's Op. 35 maintained a sophisticated clarity and harmonic richness typical of the Conservatoire’s academic aesthetic.
Büsser Henri
Henri Büsser (1872-1973) was a French composer, organist, and conductor. He is primarily recognized as a masterful conductor, a prestigious pedagogue, and a composer who upheld the refined traditions of French lyricism.
Born in Toulouse, France, in a family of a prominent organist and teacher of Swiss-German origin, Fritz Büsser. This domestic environment provided him with a rigorous foundation in the organ and choral traditions of the church.
He moved to Paris to attend the École Niedermeyer, an institution dedicated to sacred music, before entering the Paris Conservatoire in 1889. He studied organ with César Franck and Charles-Marie Widor, and composition with Ernest Guiraud and Charles Gounod. Gounod, in particular, became a lifelong mentor and father figure to him.
In 1893, Büsser won the prestigious Grand Prix de Rome for his cantata Antigone, cementing his place at the forefront of his generation’s composers.
Büsser’s style is characterized as "eclectic but firmly rooted in the 19th-century academic tradition.": clear formal structures, elegant melodies, and a masterful understanding of instrumental color.
As a composer, he is mostly known for his operas Daphnis et Chloé, Colomba, and Les Noces corinthiennes.
Büsser was a world-class conductor, serving as the director of the Paris Opéra and the Opéra-Comique for decades. He was a close confidant of Claude Debussy and conducted the first performances of Pelléas et Mélisande after the premiere.
In 1921, he was appointed Professor of Composition at the Paris Conservatoire, succeeding his teacher Widor. He taught many influential 20th-century composers, including Henri Dutilleux.
For over 30 years, he served as the organist at the Church of Saint-Cloud, continuing the tradition of the French organist-composer.