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Sicilienne et burlesque for flute and piano, Op. 23
Sicilienne et burlesque for flute and piano, Op. 23
Alfredo Casella: Sicilienne et burlesque for flute and piano, Op. 23 was written in 1914 and dedicated to Adolphe Hennebains, a legendary French flutist and professor at the Paris Conservatoire. The piece was specifically composed as the morceau de concours (test piece) for the 1914 flute exit exams at the Paris Conservatoire.
This composition bridges the gap between French Impressionism and the emerging avant-garde. The piece follows the traditional French contest-piece formula of a slow opening followed by a fast finale.
1. Sicilienne. A pastoral 6/8 dance that quickly escalates into a powerful, dark atmosphere far beyond its traditional origins.
2. Burlesque. A comedic but bizarre section inspired by the Italian commedia dell'arte, featuring aggressive articulations and "growling" bass motifs in the piano.
1914 marked the end of Casella’s 19-year residency in Paris. He had become a central figure in the city's musical life, teaching piano at the Conservatoire and serving as a music critic. Following the 1913 premiere of The Rite of Spring, Casella moved away from the "elegance" of his teacher Gabriel Fauré toward a more "barbaric primitivism". Sicilienne et Burlesque reflects this through its unsettling, percussive piano writing and fragmented "cubist" perspectives.
The work was composed notably as World War I broke out across Europe. This global turbulence mirrors the tense, "Expressionist" qualities of the music, which often reach extremes of dynamics and agitation.
Casella Alfredo
Alfredo Casella (1883-1947) was an Italian pianist, conductor, and composer, known as the primary architect of the 20th-century Italian musical renaissance.
Born in Turin, Italy, he was raised in a deeply musical environment. His father, Carlo, was a professional cellist and professor at the Turin Conservatory, and his mother was a talented pianist. At the age of 13, he moved to Paris to enter the Paris Conservatoire, placing him in the center of European modernism. At the Conservatoire, he studied piano with Louis Diémer and composition with Gabriel Fauré. During his 19-year stay in Paris, he became close friends with Maurice Ravel and George Enescu, and was a fervent early advocate for the music of Igor Stravinsky.
Casella returned to Italy in 1915 to teach at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome. He found the Italian musical landscape dominated by opera and set out to revive instrumental music. He co-founded the "Società Italiana di Musica Moderna" to promote avant-garde music in Italy, bringing international figures like Schoenberg and Stravinsky to Italian stages.
His style evolved from an early Wagnerian influence to a complex, dissonant period, and finally to a refined Neoclassicism. He drew heavily from the 18th-century Italian traditions of Vivaldi and Scarlatti, seeking to create a "specifically Italian" modern style.
Although a brilliant pianist and notable composer (ballet "La Giara" etc.), one of his main achievements was the resurrection of Antonio Vivaldi's works.