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Debussy Claude
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"Reverie" for flute and piano
Claude Debussy: "Reverie" was written in 1890, originally as a solo composition for piano, as part of his contract with a publisher.
In 1905, as Debussy’s fame was skyrocketing, his publisher (Fromont) decided to capitalize on his success by publishing Rêverie (written 15 years earlier). Debussy was furious, writing a scathing letter to Fromont: "I regret your decision to publish 'Rêverie'... It is a work of no importance, written in a hurry... I consider it absolutely bad."
Despite his disdain, the piece became one of his most popular melodies, eventually becoming a staple for flute transcriptions due to its long, flowing melodic lines.
1890 was a year of transition for Debussy, who was just beginning to find his "Impressionist" voice after returning from his residency at the Villa Medici in Rome. Debussy was living a "bohemian" lifestyle in Montmartre. He was desperately poor and wrote Rêverie primarily to satisfy a contract and earn quick cash. Debussy had recently visited the 1889 Universal Exhibition in Paris, where he heard Javanese Gamelan music. While Rêverie is still firmly rooted in Romanticism, you can hear the beginnings of his interest in static, repetitive "dream-like" harmonies.
1890 was the same year he began working on his Suite bergamasque (which contains Clair de lune). This period marks his move away from the heavy Germanic style of Wagner toward the "translucent" and "atmospheric" textures that would eventually define the French Flute School.
Marisa Robles (harp), Chamber Orchestra of Europe, 1986, Sony Music Entertainment / RCA Red Seal
Reverie
Claude Debussy (1862-1918) was a French composer, often regarded as the first impressionist composer, even though he rejected that association with impressionism. Debussy studied piano at the Conservatoire de Paris and composition with Ernest Guiraud, gradually developing his own style of composition which matured when he was nearly 40 years old and gained international success with his only opera Pelléas et Mélisande. At the age of 18, he started working as a pianist and tutor in the wealthy Russian household of Nadezhda von Meck, the longtime patroness of P.I.Tchaikovsky. Four years later he won Prix de Rome scholarship and spent two years at Villa Medici in Rome. Even though he was impressed by Wagner’s harmonies he was more influenced by Rimsky-Korsakov’s music which he was exposed upon returning to Paris.
Gradually his compositions gained recognition among his fellow composers. In 1983 Ysaÿe string quartet premiered his String Quartet, and the following year he started to compose Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1984 he gained some recognition with his symphonic poem Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, but his musical efforts were perpetually swept away with his controversial affairs in private life, turning supporters into enemies. Nevertheless, the success of his opera and the following compositions (e.g. La mer; Images) gained wider public recognition abroad than in France. Among his last works: Trio for flute, viola and harp (2015) was written when Debussy was suffering from his fatal illness.