20th century
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20th century
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Foss Lukas
Aitken, Robert
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Three American Pieces for flute and piano
Three American Pieces for flute and piano
Lukas Foss: Three American Pieces for flute and piano was written in 1944, originally for violin and piano. Later, these neo-classic style pieces were arranged for flute and piano by Lukas Foss himself.
The original violin version was dedicated to the violinist Roman Totenberg. The premiere of the violin version took place in 1944 with Roman Totenberg and Lukas Foss at the piano.
The pieces utilize Americana tropes: open fifths, folk-dance rhythms, and a sense of "wide-open spaces." In the flute version, the third movement is particularly famous for its demanding double-tonguing and agility.
In 1944, Foss was 22 years old and experiencing a surge of patriotism and cultural assimilation. Having fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and arrived in the U.S. in 1937, Foss spent the early 1940s intentionally adopting an "American" sound, characterized by wide intervals, folk-like melodies, and pandiatonic harmony.
In 1944, Foss was appointed the pianist for the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Serge Koussevitzky. This role placed him at the heart of American musical life and allowed him to observe the success of Copland’s Appalachian Spring (also 1944), which shares a similar aesthetic with Three American Pieces.
This was a "breakout" year for Foss; he also completed his cantata The Prairie, which won the New York Music Critics’ Circle Award and established him as a leading young American composer.
Foss Lukas
Lukas Foss (1922-2009) was a German-American pianist, conductor and composer, known for his stylistic restlessness, he moved fluidly between Neoclassicism, serialism, and aleatoric (chance) music.
Born in Berlin, Germany, to Hilde and Isaac Fuchs. His father was a philosopher and his mother a painter, providing a rich intellectual and artistic environment.
A child prodigy, Foss began piano and theory studies at age seven with Julius Herford in Berlin. Following the rise of the Nazi regime, his family fled to Paris in 1933, where he studied piano with Lazare Lévy and composition with Noël Gallon at the Paris Conservatory.
After his family fled to USA in 1937, he continued his elite training at the Curtis Institute of Music along with his classmate and friend Leonard Bernstein.
At age 18, he became a protégé of Serge Koussevitzky at Tanglewood, where he also studied with Paul Hindemith at Yale. Hindemith’s strict craftsmanship deeply influenced Foss's early Neoclassical output.
By the 1940s, Foss was considered a leader of the Boston School of composers (alongside Harold Shapero and Irving Fine), gaining national fame for his cantata The Prairie (1944). In 1953, he succeeded Arnold Schoenberg as professor of composition at UCLA. There, he founded the Improvisation Chamber Ensemble, which pioneered controlled "non-jazz" group improvisation, marking his departure from traditional tonality.
Lukas Foss is known for his musical experiments and aleatory music.
Among his most noted works: Piano Concerto No. 2, opera Griffelkin, Divertissement for string quartet, and Folksong for symphony orchestra.