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Ives Charles
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Variations On "America" for flute and piano
Variations On "America" for flute and piano
Charles Ives: Variations On "America" for flute and piano was written in 1891, originally for organ. The arrangement for flute and piano was made by Daniel Dorff (published by Theodore Presser) in 2007. Dorff intended the transcription to be "quite faithful" to Ives's original 1891 organ score. He specifically altered articulations in the first and third variations to better mimic the sustained, fluid sound of a pipe organ.
Ives composed the piece when he was a 17-year-old prodigy, living in Danbury, Connecticut, working as a professional organist at the Baptist Church. He wrote these variations specifically for a Fourth of July celebration in Brewster, New York.
His father, George Ives, was a Civil War bandmaster who encouraged Charles to experiment with polytonality (playing in two keys at once). You can hear this in the "bitonal" interludes of the variations, which were considered shockingly modern, and quite humorous, for 1891.
While the tune is the patriotic "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," Ives treats it with a mix of sincere Victorian variations and subversive, "naughty" dissonances that foreshadow his later avant-garde style.
The piece was largely forgotten until the mid-20th century. It wasn't published until 1949, and it gained massive popularity after William Schuman orchestrated it in 1963.
Pam Youngblood (flute), Gabriel Bita (piano), 2010, Azica Records / Naxos
Variations on America
Ives Charles
Charles Ives (1874–1954) is widely regarded as the "father of American Modernism." He developed a radical musical language featuring polytonality, polyrhythms, and tone clusters decades before they became standard in the European avant-garde.
Born in Danbury, Connecticut in a family of a Civil War bandmaster. His father, George Ives was a tireless acoustic experimentalist who encouraged young Charles to "stretch his ears" by practicing singing in one key while being accompanied in another.
He studied composition at Yale University under Horatio Parker, a conservative Romantic composer. While Ives mastered traditional European forms, he famously rebelled against Parker’s strict rules, keeping his experimental ideas in private "laboratory" sketches.
Fearing that a professional music career would force him to compromise his artistic integrity to "feed his family," Ives chose a career in insurance. He co-founded one of the most successful insurance agencies in the U.S. By day, he was a revolutionary businessman (often called the "father of modern estate planning"); by night and on weekends, he was a prolific composer.
Since he was financially independent, he did not seek performances. Most of his major works, including the Concord Sonata and Symphony No. 4, sat in his barn in Connecticut for decades before being discovered by the public.
Recognition came late. In 1947, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No. 3 (written 40 years earlier). He famously gave the prize money away, stating, "Prizes are for boys, I’m a grown-up."
Heavily influenced by Transcendentalism (Emerson and Thoreau), Ives believed music should be an expression of the "spiritual substance" of life rather than mere "pretty sounds."