Concerto for flute and string orchestra No 2 in E minor (Op 57)

Saverio Mercadante (1795-1970) was a pivotal Italian composer who bridged the gap between the bel canto era of Rossini and the dramatic realism of Giuseppe Verdi. He was a dominant figure in 19th-century Italian opera and a significant contributor to instrumental music.
Born as an illegitimate child in Altamura, Italy, his early years were marked by financial instability. At age 13, he entered the Conservatorio di San Sebastiano in Naples. He initially focused on the violin and flute, eventually becoming the leader of the student orchestra. He studied composition under Nicola Zingarelli, a traditionalist who instilled in him a mastery of counterpoint and melody. During his student years, Saverio composed several flute concertos and chamber works that remain central to the flute repertoire today. 
Mercadante's career took off after Rossini praised his work while visiting the conservatory in 1817, leading to Mercadante's first opera commission. His first major operatic success came in 1821 with "Elisa e Claudio", which premiered at La Scala in Milan.
After spending time in Vienna and Madrid, Mercadante returned to Italy with a mission to "reform" Italian opera. He sought to reduce the emphasis on vocal virtuosity in favor of dramatic integrity, richer orchestration, and more complex harmonic structures.
His most acclaimed works from this period include "Il giuramento" (1837), "Elena da Feltre" (1838), and "La vestale" (1840).
In 1840, he was appointed director of the Naples Conservatory, a position he held for 30 years. He was a strict but influential teacher who shaped the next generation of Italian musicians.
Mercadante lost his sight completely in 1862. Despite this, he continued to compose by dictating his music to assistants until he died in Naples in 1870.
While he is remembered primarily as an opera composer, his six flute concertos are among the most celebrated works for the instrument from the early 19th century.