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6 Tango Etudes for Flute solo
A. Piazzolla: 6 Tango Etudes (Tango-Études pour flûte seule) for solo flute were written in 1987 and dedicated to the Belgian flutist Marc Grauwels, who premiered them in 1987 in Paris. Each etude: Décidé; Anxieux et rubato; Molto marcato e energico; Lento meditativo; Sans indication; Avec anxiété was written originally for flute.
When composing these etudes, Piazzolla occasionally consulted with his good friend, Argentine flutist Claudio Barile, the principal flutist of the Orquesta Filarmónica de Buenos Aires. In 1987, Piazzolla shared the early drafts of the etudes with Barile to test their idiomatic feasibility. According to interviews with Claudio Barile, Piazzolla was specifically interested in how the flute could mimic the aggressive bellows-shake and the staccato "bite" of the bandoneón. Barile helped Piazzolla refine the articulation markings and the breath phrasing to ensure the music felt like an authentic tango rather than a standard European exercise. Barile’s input was crucial for the intervallic leaps found in Etudes No. 3 and No. 6, which pushed the instrument's technical limits while remaining playable for a virtuoso.
In 1987, Piazzolla was at the peak of his international fame but also facing significant health challenges. This period was a time of "classical reflection" where he sought to leave behind a written legacy for classical soloists. Piazzolla and Grauwels had a prolific professional relationship during this time. In 1987, the same year as the Etudes, they collaborated on the famous History of the Tango for flute and guitar. The Etudes were written as a solo counterpart to that work, allowing the flutist to explore the percussive and melodic language of the tango without accompaniment.
Astor Piazzolla (1921-1992) was an Argentinian composer, known for his inconceivable ability to apply sounds and rhythms of Argentinian tango to virtually any music form. Even though Piazzolla was raised in New York, young Astor was exposed to different cultures and learned to play bandoneón (concertina type instrument invented by Heinrich Band). When he turned 16, Astor moved to Argentina to become a professional tango musician.
Tango dance originated in the end of 19th century as a part of bar and brothel culture of Buenos Aires, combining various native dance styles (milonga, habanera and candombe) and typically accompanied by bandoneón, piano, violin, guitar and double bass. There Piazzolla started to study composition. Initially with Alberto Ginastera and later with Nadia Boulanger in Paris who greatly influenced him by encouraging to develop his compositional style "concert tango", also known as tango nuevo. Among his most important compositions: symphonic work Orquesta Típica (1946); Orquesta de Cuerdas (1958) for string orchestra; Octeto Buenos Aires (1958) etc.